|
-- September, 20 --
Management must therefore identify the optimal mix of
financing—the capital structure that results in maximum value. See Balance sheet,
Fisher separation theorem.
|
|
-- September, 20 --
These projects must also be financed appropriately. If no such
opportunities exist, maximizing shareholder value dictates that
management return exces cash to shareholders.
|
|
-- September, 20 --
Capital investment decisions are long corporate
finance decisions relating to fixed assets and capital structure.
Decisions are based on several inter-related criteria. Corporate
management seeks to maximize the value of the firm investing in
projects which yield a net present value when valued using an
appropriate discount rate.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
This is the general case, however there are exceptions. For example,
investors in a "Growth stock", expect that the company will, almost by
definition, retain earnings so as to fund growth internally. In other cases,
even though an opportunity is currently NPV negative, management may
consider “investment flexibility potential payoffs and decide to retain
cash flows; see above and Real options.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
Management must also decide on the form of the distribution, generally as
cash dividends or via a share buyback. There are various considerations:
where shareholders pay tax on dividends, companies may elect to retain
earnings, or to perform a stock buyback, in both cases increasing the value
of shares outstanding; some companies will pay "dividends" from stock rather
than in cash. . Today it is generally accepted that
dividend policy is value neutral. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
capital and short term financing are referred
to as working capital management. These involve managing the
relationship between a firm's short-term assets and its short-term
liabilities. The goal of Working capital management is to ensure that the
firm is able to continue its operations and that it has sufficient cash flow
to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
|